Leviticus ויקרא Leviticus 21:1-24:23 ויקרא כ״א:א׳-כ״ד:כ״ג

GOD said to Moses: Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them:
None shall defile himself for any [dead] person among his kin,

except for the relatives that are closest to him: his mother, his father, his son, his daughter, and his brother;

also for a virgin sister, close to him because she has not become someone’s [wife], for her he may defile himself.

But he shall not defile himself as a kinsman by marriage,^aas a kinsman by marriage Lit. “as a husband among his kin”; meaning uncertain. and so profane himself.

They shall not shave smooth any part of their heads, or cut the side-growth of their beards, or make gashes in their flesh.

They shall be holy to their God and not profane the name of their God; for they offer the ETERNAL’s offerings by fire, the food of their God, and so must be holy.

They shall not marry a woman defiled by prostitution, nor shall they marry one divorced from her husband. For they are holy to their God

and you must treat them as holy, since they offer the food of your God; they shall be holy to you, for I GOD who sanctify you am holy.

When the daughter of a priest defiles herself through prostitution, it is her father whom she defiles; she shall be put to the fire.

The priest who is exalted above his fellows, on whose head the anointing oil has been poured and who has been ordained to wear the vestments, shall not bare his head^bbare his head See note at 10.6. or rend his vestments.

He shall not go in where there is any dead body; he shall not defile himself even for his father or mother.

He shall not go outside the sanctuary and profane the sanctuary of his God, for upon him is the distinction of the anointing oil of Mine, the ETERNAL’s.

He may marry only a woman who is a virgin.

A widow, or a divorced woman, or one who is degraded by prostitution—such he may not marry. Only a virgin of his own kin may he take to wife—

that he may not profane his offspring among his kin, for I GOD have sanctified him.

GOD spoke further to Moses:

Speak to Aaron and say: No man among your offspring throughout the ages who has a defect shall be qualified to offer the food of his God.

No one at all who has a defect shall be qualified: no man who is blind, or lame, or has a limb too short or too long;^chas a limb too short or too long Or “mutilated or has a limb too long.”

no man who has a broken leg or a broken arm;

or who is a hunchback, or a dwarf, or who has a growth in his eye, or who has a boil-scar, or scurvy, or crushed testes.

No man among the offspring of Aaron the priest who has a defect shall be qualified to offer GOD’s offering by fire; having a defect, he shall not be qualified to offer the food of his God.

He may eat of the food of his God, of the most holy as well as of the holy;

but he shall not enter behind the curtain or come near the altar, for he has a defect. He shall not profane these places sacred to Me, for I GOD have sanctified them.

Thus Moses spoke to Aaron and his sons and to all the Israelites.

GOD spoke to Moses, saying:

Instruct Aaron and his sons to be scrupulous about the sacred donations that the Israelite people consecrate to Me, lest they profane My holy name, Mine GOD’s.

Say to them:
Throughout the ages, if any man among your offspring, while in a state of impurity, partakes of any sacred donation that the Israelite people may consecrate to GOD, that person shall be cut off from before Me: I am GOD.

No man whatsoever among Aaron’s offspring who has an eruption or a discharge^aan eruption or a discharge See chapters 13 and 15, respectively. shall eat of the sacred donations until he is pure. If one touches anything made impure by a corpse, or if a man has an emission of semen,

or if a man touches any swarming thing by which he is made impure or any human being by whom he is made impure—whatever his impurity—

the person who touches such shall be impure until evening and shall not eat of the sacred donations unless he has washed his body in water.

As soon as the sun sets, he shall be pure; and afterward he may eat of the sacred donations, for they are his food.

He shall not eat anything that died or was torn by beasts, thereby becoming impure: I am GOD.

They shall keep My charge, lest they incur guilt thereby and die for it, having committed profanation: I GOD consecrate them.

No lay person shall eat of the sacred donations. No bound or hired laborer of a priest shall eat of the sacred donations;

but a person who is a priest’s property by purchase may eat of them; and those that are born into his household may eat of his food.

If a priest’s daughter becomes a layman’s wife, she may not eat of the sacred gifts;

but if the priest’s daughter is widowed or divorced and without offspring, and is back in her father’s house as in her youth, she may eat of her father’s food. No lay person may eat of it—

but if someone eats of a sacred donation unwittingly, the priest shall be paid for the sacred donation, adding one-fifth of its value.

But [the priests] must not allow the Israelites to profane the sacred donations that they set aside for GOD,

or to incur guilt requiring a penalty payment, by eating such sacred donations: for it is I GOD who make them sacred.

GOD spoke to Moses, saying:

Speak to Aaron and his sons, and to all the Israelite people, and say to them:
When anyone^banyone See note at 17.3. of the house of Israel, or of the strangers in Israel, presents a burnt offering as their offering for any of the votive or any of the freewill offerings that are offered to GOD,

it must, to be acceptable in your favor, be a male without blemish, from cattle or sheep or goats.

You shall not offer any that has a defect, for it will not be accepted in your favor.

And when anyone offers, from the herd or the flock, a sacrifice of well-being to GOD for an explicit^cexplicit Or “unspecified” or “extraordinary”; meaning of Heb. lephalle uncertain. vow or as a freewill offering, it must, to be acceptable, be without blemish; there must be no defect in it.

Anything blind, or injured, or maimed, or with a wen, boil-scar, or scurvy—such you shall not offer to GOD; you shall not put any of them on the altar as offerings by fire to GOD.

You may, however, present as a freewill offering an ox or a sheep with a limb extended or contracted; but it will not be accepted for a vow.

You shall not offer to GOD anything [with its testes] bruised or crushed or torn or cut. You shall have no such practices^dpractices I.e., mutilations. in your own land,

nor shall you accept such [animals] from a foreigner for offering as food for your God, for they are mutilated, they have a defect; they shall not be accepted in your favor.

GOD spoke to Moses, saying:

When an ox or a sheep or a goat is born, it shall stay seven days with its mother, and from the eighth day on it shall be acceptable as an offering by fire to GOD.

However, no animal from the herd or from the flock shall be slaughtered on the same day with its young.

When you sacrifice a thanksgiving offering to GOD, sacrifice it so that it may be acceptable in your favor.

It shall be eaten on the same day; you shall not leave any of it until morning: I am GOD.

You shall faithfully observe My commandments: I am GOD.

You shall not profane My holy name, that I may be sanctified in the midst of the Israelite people—I, GOD, who sanctify you,

I who brought you out of the land of Egypt to be your God, I, the ETERNAL.

GOD spoke to Moses, saying:

Speak to the Israelite people and say to them:
These are My fixed times, the fixed times of GOD, that you shall proclaim as sacred occasions.

On six days work may be done, but on the seventh day there shall be a sabbath of complete rest, a sacred occasion. You shall do no work; it shall be a sabbath of GOD throughout your settlements.

These are the set times of GOD, the sacred occasions, which you shall celebrate each at its appointed time:

In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at twilight, there shall be a passover offering to GOD,

and on the fifteenth day of that month GOD’s Feast of Unleavened Bread. You shall eat unleavened bread for seven days.

On the first day you shall celebrate a sacred occasion: you shall not work at your occupations.

Seven days you shall make offerings by fire to GOD. The seventh day shall be a sacred occasion: you shall not work at your occupations.

GOD spoke to Moses, saying:

Speak to the Israelite people and say to them:
When you enter the land that I am giving to you and you reap its harvest, you shall bring the first sheaf of your harvest to the priest.

He shall elevate the sheaf before GOD for acceptance in your behalf; the priest shall elevate it on the day after the sabbath.

On the day that you elevate the sheaf, you shall offer as a burnt offering to GOD a lamb of the first year without blemish.

The grain offering with it shall be two-tenths of a measure of choice flour with oil mixed in, an offering by fire of pleasing odor to GOD; and the libation with it shall be of wine, a quarter of a hin.

Until that very day, until you have brought the offering of your God, you shall eat no bread or parched grain or fresh ears;^abread or parched grain or fresh ears Of the new crop. it is a law for all time throughout the ages in all your settlements.

And from the day on which you bring the sheaf of elevation offering—the day after the sabbath—you shall count off seven weeks. They must be complete:

you must count until the day after the seventh week—fifty days; then you shall bring an offering of new grain to GOD.

You shall bring from your settlements two loaves of bread as an elevation offering; each shall be made of two-tenths of a measure of choice flour, baked after leavening, as first fruits to GOD.

With the bread you shall present, as burnt offerings to GOD, seven yearling lambs without blemish, one bull of the herd, and two rams, with their grain offerings and libations, an offering by fire of pleasing odor to GOD.

You shall also offer one he-goat as a purgation offering and two yearling lambs as a sacrifice of well-being.

The priest shall elevate these—the two lambs^b—the two lambs— Force of Heb. construction uncertain.—together with the bread of first fruits as an elevation offering before GOD; they shall be holy to GOD, for the priest.

On that same day you shall hold a celebration; it shall be a sacred occasion for you; you shall not work at your occupations. This is a law for all time in all your settlements, throughout the ages.

And when you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap all the way to the edges of your field, or gather the gleanings of your harvest; you shall leave them for the poor and the stranger: I the ETERNAL am your God.

GOD spoke to Moses, saying:

Speak to the Israelite people thus: In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe complete rest, a sacred occasion commemorated with loud blasts.

You shall not work at your occupations; and you shall bring an offering by fire to GOD.

GOD spoke to Moses, saying:

Mark, the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. It shall be a sacred occasion for you: you shall practice self-denial, and you shall bring an offering by fire to GOD;

you shall do no work throughout that day. For it is a Day of Atonement, on which expiation is made on your behalf before the ETERNAL your God.

Indeed, any person who does not practice self-denial throughout that day shall be cut off from kin;

and whoever does any work throughout that day, I will cause that person to perish from among the people.

Do no work whatever; it is a law for all time, throughout the ages in all your settlements.

It shall be a sabbath of complete rest for you, and you shall practice self-denial; on the ninth day of the month at evening, from evening to evening, you shall observe this your sabbath.

GOD spoke to Moses, saying:

Say to the Israelite people:
On the fifteenth day of this seventh month there shall be the Feast of Booths^cBooths In contrast to others “Tabernacles.” to GOD, [to last] seven days.

The first day shall be a sacred occasion: you shall not work at your occupations;

seven days you shall bring offerings by fire to GOD. On the eighth day you shall observe a sacred occasion and bring an offering by fire to GOD; it is a solemn gathering:^dsolemn gathering Precise meaning of Heb. ʻaṣereth uncertain. Cf. Num. 29.35; Deut. 16.8. you shall not work at your occupations.

Those are the set times of GOD that you shall celebrate as sacred occasions, bringing offerings by fire to GOD—burnt offerings, grain offerings, sacrifices, and libations, on each day what is proper to it—

apart from the sabbaths of GOD, and apart from your gifts and from all your votive offerings and from all your freewill offerings that you give to GOD.

Mark, on the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the yield of your land, you shall observe the festival of GOD [to last] seven days: a complete rest on the first day, and a complete rest on the eighth day.

On the first day you shall take the product of hadar^ehadar Exact meaning of Heb. hadar uncertain. Traditionally the product is understood as “citron.” trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy^fleafy Meaning of Heb. ʻaboth uncertain. trees, and willows of the brook, and you shall rejoice before the ETERNAL your God seven days.

You shall observe it as a festival of GOD for seven days in the year; you shall observe it in the seventh month as a law for all time, throughout the ages.

You shall live in booths seven days; all citizens in Israel shall live in booths,

in order that future generations may know that I made the Israelite people live in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt—I the ETERNAL your God.

So Moses declared to the Israelites the set times of GOD.

GOD spoke to Moses, saying:

Command the Israelite people to bring you clear oil of beaten olives for lighting, for kindling lamps regularly.

Aaron shall set them up in the Tent of Meeting outside the curtain of the Pact [to burn] from evening to morning before GOD regularly; it is a law for all time throughout the ages.

He shall set up the lamps on the pure^apure See note at Exod. 31.8. lampstand before GOD [to burn] regularly.

You shall take choice flour and bake of it twelve loaves, two-tenths of a measure for each loaf.

Place them on the pure^bpure See note at Exod. 31.8. table before GOD in two rows, six to a row.

With each row you shall place pure frankincense, which is to be a token offering^ctoken offering See 2.2. for the bread, as an offering by fire to GOD.

He shall arrange them before GOD regularly every sabbath day—it is a commitment for all time on the part of the Israelites.

They shall belong to Aaron and his sons, who shall eat them in the sacred precinct; for they are his as most holy things from GOD’s offerings by fire, a due for all time.

There came out among the Israelites someone who was^dThere came out among the Israelites someone who was Or “Among the Israelites there emerged.” the son of an Israelite woman and an Egyptian man. And a fight broke out in the camp between that half-Israelite^ehalf-Israelite Lit. “the son of an Israelite woman.” and a certain Israelite man.

The son of the Israelite woman pronounced the Name in blasphemy, and he was brought to Moses—now his mother’s name was Shelomith daughter of Dibri of the tribe of Dan—

and he was placed in custody, until GOD’s decision should be made clear to them.

And GOD spoke to Moses, saying:

Take the blasphemer outside the camp; and let all who were within hearing lay their hands upon his head, and let the whole community^fwhole community See note at 8.3; cf. 1 Kings 21.11, 13. stone him.

And to the Israelite people speak thus: Anyone^gAnyone See note at 17.3. who blasphemes God shall bear the guilt;

and one who also pronounces the name GOD shall be put to death. The whole community shall stone them; stranger or citizen—having thus pronounced the Name—shall be put to death.

Regarding anyone who kills any human being: they shall be put to death.

One who kills livestock shall make restitution for it: life for life.

Regarding anyone who maims another person: what was done shall be done in return—

fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. The injury inflicted on a human being shall be inflicted in return.

One who kills livestock shall make restitution for it; but one who kills a human being shall be put to death.

You shall have one standard for stranger and citizen alike: for I the ETERNAL am your God.

Moses spoke thus to the Israelites. And they took the blasphemer outside the camp and pelted him with stones. The Israelites did as GOD had commanded Moses.